Adaptation by natural selection depends on the rates, effects and interactions of many mutations, making it difficult to determine what proportion of mutations in an evolving lineage are beneficial.

Scientists have shed new light on the genomic foundation of the polar bear's ecological adaption by pinpointing rapid changes in the bear's gene copy numbers in response to a diet shifting from ...

The second science -- Simple selection -- The genetic and ecological context of selection -- History, chance, and necessity -- The rate of genetic deterioration -- The rate of environmental ...

In natural biological communities, species interact with many other species. Multiple species interactions can lead to indirect ecological effects that have important fitness consequences and can ...

The U.S. is the only developed country where controversy continues about teaching evolution in schools. Yet, there is little doubt that evolution happens, or that humans are products of evolution by ...

Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 58, No. 12 (2007), pp. 3091-3097 (7 pages) The adaptation of plants to natural environments depends on the adaptation of flowering-time control at the appropriate ...

Science education reform continually occurs through the replacement of current teaching methods with alternatives that are designed to enhance student performance. Newly adopted teaching strategies ...

Are we alone in the universe? It comes down to whether intelligence is a probable outcome of natural selection, or an improbable fluke. By definition, probable events occur frequently, improbable ...