Recent advances in deep learning have significantly transformed mineral classification methodologies, supplanting labour‐intensive manual approaches with automated, high-precision systems. By ...
Mineral processing, or beneficiation, is a critical stage of the extractive metallurgy chain that works to increase the concentration of valuable minerals and remove the gangue from the ore. The ...
China currently dominates global refining for critical minerals essential to modern economies — including lithium, cobalt, nickel, natural graphite, and rare earth elements — making it the primary ...
The United States led global production of rare earth elements (REEs) until the mid-1990s, when China emerged as the dominant supplier. China maintained near-total control of the market until 2012.