Figure 2: Dependence of spectrally integrated output energy of Kα emission on pump pulse energy. Here, XFEL pumping pulses excite Cu atoms from the ground state to the upper level (single vacancy of ...
The emergence of short-wavelength X-ray free-electron lasers 8,9,10 (XFELs), delivering femtosecond X-ray pulses that exceed the peak brilliance of synchrotron sources by many orders of magnitude, has ...