FREQUENCY-MODULATION, or the technique of varying the frequency of radio waves for signalling purposes, has been known and used for many years ; but it was not until Armstrong in the United States in ...

This chapter covers the following subjects: Wireless Local-Area Networks: A brief history of wireless networking and some of the basic concepts. How Bandwidth Is Achieved from RF Signals: The ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

As an ultra-wideband microwave signal, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be used in many occasions, such as electronic warfares, wireless communications and modern radar systems. Initially, ASK ...

BOs describe the periodic movement of electrons in solids to which an external static electric field is applied. However, it is challenging to measure the BOs directly in natural solids since the ...

5G New Radio (5G NR) is the wireless standard defining the next generation of mobile networks. 5G will offer higher capacity than current 4G, enabling a higher density of mobile broadband users and ...

Signal reliability is paramount in many wireless applications. For example, crane controls or other critical control equipment must not lose connection as the equipment moves. Stage actors must ...

This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...

Fig 1. This shows the spectra of both waveforms when the Class D output is issuing silence (no audio, duty cycle = 50%) with a switching frequency of 333 kHz. Fig 2. The blue line shows the energy ...