Researchers in France have finally cracked a complex code of mysterious symbols and "nonsense" decoys written by Charles V, the former Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. When you purchase through ...

In early 2023, three amateur codebreakers announced they had successfully decoded the secret correspondence of one of the most tragic characters in European history: Mary, Queen of Scots. 57 encrypted ...

French scientists have decoded a letter written in 1547 by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The three-page letter uncovers secrets of the 16th century, including assassination fears. It took the ...

Since childhood, Mary Stuart had enjoyed writing in cipher. Later in life, as Queen of Scots and a prisoner in England for nearly 19 years, the skill became essential to her survival. From an early ...