Transistors are inevitable parts of Electronic circuits. The success of a circuit design lies in the selection of proper transistor type and calculation of voltage and current flowing through it. A ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Open-collector outputs are useful for transmitting buffered digital/pulse signals to the external world when high drive is needed. In harsh operating environments like automotive systems, however, ...