In the late 1990s I was working for a company that manufactures sub-systems for tramways, subways and light rail car manufacturers. One day my boss tells me that one of our inverters, a 5 kW DC to ...

Transistors are inevitable parts of Electronic circuits. The success of a circuit design lies in the selection of proper transistor type and calculation of voltage and current flowing through it. A ...

Designers of switch-mode power supplies generally put a lot of care into selecting the placement of poles/zeros of the supply transfer function to ensure stable operation. However, many such designs ...

Open-collector outputs are useful for transmitting buffered digital/pulse signals to the external world when high drive is needed. In harsh operating environments like automotive systems, however, ...