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https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00771-5 Biomarker Research REVIEW Open Access

In terms of biomarker sources, blood-derived bio-markers are a desirable and non-invasive alternative for advanced patients when tissue biopsies may not be fea-sible from aHCC patients.

Biomarker profiling from biofluids such as blood are widely measured in clinical research, using for example Olink pro‐ teomics panels. One such research focus area is cardiovascular disease …

Moreover, the soluble form has also been proposed as a biomarker for type I diabetes and even as a prognostic marker in tuberculosis and cancer [45, 46].

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00765-3 Biomarker Research REVIEW Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00783-1 Biomarker Research REVIEW Open Access

Some studies demonstrated that the level of ADAR1 in ESCC Zhao et al. Biomarker Research (2025) 13:81 Page 12 of 30 and the level of ADAR2 in HCC are correlated with patient …

These findings indicate that the expression of NINJ2 as a surface protein can be used as a novel biomarker for acquired ECF resistance in both intestinal and difuse gastric cancer cells.

While microfluidic platforms are powerful tools for biomarker analysis, accurate cancer diagnosis frequently requires the combined analysis of multiple biomarkers approach to improve …