The Vicksburg Campaign (1862-1863) was a critical military operation during the American Civil War that marked a significant turning point in the conflict. Vicksburg, Mississippi, held strategic importance as it controlled access to the Mississippi River, a vital supply route for both the Union and Confederate forces. Under the command of General Ulysses S. Grant, the Union army launched a series of maneuvers to besiege the city, facing fierce resistance from Confederate General John C. Pemberto